Frost Points & Winter Camping

Between the months of November and March, Troop 279 often cabin-camps in rustic lodges and heated shelters. However, to encourage scouts to experience winter camping at its finest, during every campout scouts have the opportunity to earn “Frost Points”. If a scout chooses to sleep outside, one point is awarded for each degree below freezing recorded during that night. The degree of temperature is determined by the “official” weather bureau station nearest the campsite; however, a leader’s thermometer reading is accepted. Degrees (points) are then accumulated during each calendar year.

Requirements

1. Six or more continuous hours must be spent between sunset and sunrise in a lean-to, snow shelter, tent, or in the open.
2. No stoves or heaters are permitted in the tents or shelters.
3. Open fires are permitted, if they do not constitute a hazard to the shelter or the surrounding area and are permitted by the camping facility.
4. Scouts may earn Frost Points at organized troop activities with leadership supervision, adhering to the principles of two-deep leadership and the Guide to Safe Scouting.
5. Scouts may earn Frost Points at home and backyard camping for those who miss outings due to illness, etc.. As above, Scouts must have parental supervision and adhere to the Guide to Safe Scouting.
6. All equipment to be used by the scout (tent, ground pads, sleep-system, clothing layers, etc.) must be reviewed by an adult and approved to be appropriate for the outside temperature.

Though Frost Points are not an official BSA award, scouts take great pride in the points they’ve accumulated, which serve as an acknowledgement of their cold-weather camping skills. Additionally, each year at our January “Casino Weekend“, scouts can cash-out their Frost Points for prizes.

Winter Camping Tips

Some tips to keep in mind when you and the troop take on winter camping.

• Fail to Plan = Plan to Fail
  • Remind Scouts about having the correct gear months in advance. Then remind them again as you get closer to your winter outing.
  • Hold “shakedown” events to review each scout’s gear and packing methods.
  • In the days before the trip, check the forecast regularly and adjust your plan accordingly.
  • Make sure the SPL and PLs have a “Plan-B” to address the unknowns (ex: unpredicted weather, equipment failures, injuries, etc.).
• Always bring a bit more than what you think you’ll need – water, food, clothes.
• Make sure that you have a good knowledge of the signs of frostbite and hypothermia. You should be able to recognize it in others and in yourself. Tell someone right away if you or another scout is showing signs of cold-related problems.
• Keep out of the wind if you can. A rain fly for a tent can be pitched to serve as a wind break. The wind chill factor can often be considerable and can result in effective temperatures being much lower than nominal.
• Bring extra WATER. It’s easy to get dehydrated in the winter. You aren’t visibly sweating, so you don’t think to drink water, but since the air is so dry, you lose a LOT of water through breathing. Drink lots of water!
• Keep a pot of hot water available for cocoa or Cup-a-Soup – these warm from the inside.
• Always eat hot meals (breakfast, lunch, & dinner.) Dutch ovens are the best – they keep the food hot longer. Meals should be one-pot meals to keep cleanup to a minimum. Don’t get too fancy with the meals – it’s hard to chop onions & carrots at -10F with gloves on. Prep all meals at home in the warmth of the kitchen.
• Shelter the cooking area from wind (walls of tarps, etc.)
• Fill coffee/cook pots with water before bed. It’s hard to pour frozen water, but easy to thaw it if it’s already in the pot.
• Remember C. O. L. D.:
  • C: Clean – dirty clothes loose their loft and get you cold.
  • O: Overheat – never get sweaty, strip off layers to stay warm but no too hot.
  • L: Layers – Dress in synthetic layers for easy temperature control.
  • D: Dry – wet clothes (and sleeping bags) also loose their insulation.
• Remember the 3 W’s of Layering
  • Wicking for inside layer – Wicking should be a polypropylene material as long underwear and also sock liner.
  • Warmth for middle layer(s) – Warmth layer(s) should be fleece or wool.
  • Wind/Water for outer layer – The Wind/Water layer should be Gore-Tex or at least 60/40 nylon.
• COTTON KILLS! Do not bring cotton. Cotton absorbs and retains sweat and water. Staying dry is the key to staying warm. Air is an excellent insulator and by wearing several layers of clothes you will keep warm.
• If you’re camping in the snow, wear snow or rain pants over your regular clothing – STAY DRY!
• Bring extra hand covering – mittens are warmer than gloves.
• Bring 2 changes of socks per day. (…and actually change your socks!) Dry socks equal dry feet, which means warm feet.
• Everyone must be dry by sundown. No wet (sweaty) bodies or wet inner layers of clothing.
• Use plastic grocery bags or bread bags over socks. This keeps your boots dry and you can easily change those wet socks.
• Keep your hands and feet warm. The body will always protect its core, so if your hands and feet are warm, your core will also likely be warm. If your hands or feet are cold, put on more layers, and put on a hat!
• Dress right while sleeping. Change into clean, dry clothes before bed. Your body makes moisture and your clothes hold it in – by changing into dry clothes you will stay warmer and it will help keep the inside of your sleeping bag dry. Wearing wool socks and long underwear (tops and bottoms) in the sleeping bag is OK.
• Put on tomorrow’s t- shirt and underwear at bedtime. That way you won’t be starting with everything cold next to your skin in the morning.
• Wear a stocking cap to bed, even if you have a mummy bag.
• Put tomorrow’s clothes in your bag with you. This is especially important if you’re small of stature. It can be pretty hard to warm up a big bag with a little body, the clothes cut down on that work.
• Put a couple of long-lasting hand warmers into your boots after you take them off. Your boots will dry out during the night.
• Fill a couple of Nalgene water bottles with warm water and sleep with one between your legs (warms the femoral artery) and with one at your feet. Or use toe/hand warmers. Toss them into your sleeping bag before you get in. Some of the toe/hand warmers will last 8+ hours.
• Eat a high-energy, high-protein snack before going to bed. The extra fuel will help your body stay warm.
• Use a sleeping bag that is appropriate for the conditions. Two +20F sleeping bags, one inside the other. This will work to lower the rating of both bags.
• Use a bivvy sack to wrap around your sleeping bag. You can make a cheap version of this by getting an inexpensive fleece sleeping bag. It isn’t much more than a blanket with a zipper but it helps lower the rating by as much as 10 degrees.
• Use a sleeping bag liner. There are silk and fleece liners that go inside the sleeping bag. They will lower your sleeping bag’s rating by up to 10 degrees. Or buy an inexpensive fleece throw or blanket and wrap yourself in it inside the sleeping bag.
• Most cold weather bags are designed to trap heat. The proper way to do this is to pull the drawstrings until the sleeping bag is around your face, not around your neck. If the bag also has a draft harness make sure to use it above the shoulders and it snugs up to your neck to keep cold air from coming in and warm air from going out.
• Down and synthetic down sleeping bag work by creating air pockets to trap heat. Don’t throw a heavy blanket overtop your down bag. It will compress the down, minimizing your bags effectiveness.
• Don’t burrow in – keep your mouth and nose outside the bag! Moisture from your breath collecting in your bag is a quick way to get real cold. Keep the inside of your bag dry.
• A zipped up coat pulled over the foot of a sleeping bag makes an extra layer of insulation.
• Don’t sleep directly on the ground! Get a closed cell foam pad to provide insulation layer between your sleeping bag and the ground. A foam pad cushions and insulates. The air pockets are excellent in providing good insulation properties. Use more than one insulating layer below you and make sure you don’t slide off them during the night.
• In an emergency, cardboard makes a great insulator. Old newspapers are also good insulation. A layer of foam insulation works too.
• Bring a piece of cardboard to stand on when changing clothes. This will keep any snow on your clothes off your sleeping bag, and help keep your feet warmer than standing on the cold ground.
• A space blanket, silver lined tarp or a piece of Reflectix on the floor of the tent or under your sleeping bag will reflect your heat back to you.
• No cots! Better to lay on 30F earth instead of -10F air.
• Remember your buddy(ies)-system! Multiple scouts sleeping in a shelter will be warmer then just one.
• Sleep in quinzees or igloos. These are warmer than tents since you’ve got an insulating layer of snow between you and the outside air, instead of just a thin nylon layer.
• If in tents, leave the tent flaps/zippers vented a bit, it cuts down on interior condensation and frost.
• Finally, drain your bladder before you go to bed! Your body has to expend energy to heat the extra fluid. Also, having to go in the middle of the night when it is 5 degrees out chills your entire body. Drink all day, but stop one hour before bed.